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Common Name:
Horned Frog - Cranwell's
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Photo: Students' Union University of Calgary
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Common Name:  Horned Frog - Cranwell's

Other Common Names:  Pac Man Frog, Chacoan Horned Frog, Argentine Horned Frog, Cranwells Horned Frog

Scientific Name:  Ceratophrys cranwelli  (Full Taxonomy)

Group:  

Origin or Range:  South America

Relative Size:  Much Larger Than Average  
    (as compared to other frogs)

Average Lifespan:  ??? year(s)

Compatibility:  Relatively Aggressive   
    (as compared to other frogs)

Category:  Amphibians » Frogs
Animal Description:  

Cranwell's Horned Frog is an amazing looking creature. These interesting and striking animals can make neat pets for many people hoping to own a unique frog.

Despite their large appearance, Cranwell's Horned Frogs are not as slow as one might surmise. They are in fact quite fast, especially when lunging for food. In the wild, Cranwell's Horned Frogs usually hide themselves and wait for prey to move by them, then lunge for it. Because Cranwell's Horned Frogs often assume anything that moves is food, they may bite more frequently than other frogs. Also, many Cranwell's Horned Frogs have a tendency to flip over on their backs. Providing a sloping substrate can aid them in righting themselves if they flip over when you are not around to provide aid. It is best to handle Cranwell's Horned Frogs as little as possible, since oils in your skin can damage their skin. Also, since they may frequently bite, you may not wish to handle them often. In the wild, Cranwell's Horned Frogs spend most of their time buried, and normally, they are camouflaged under leaves or mosses.

By maturity, many Cranwell's Horned Frogs are 5 inches long and 5 inches wide. Males tend to be on the shorter side, and some females attain lengths of 6.5 inches. These large frogs usually have white undersides that darken into yellow shades as they approach the dorsal coloration. Usually, the dorsal patterns of Cranwell's Horned Frogs vary widely. Although there is usually a set pattern, it can consist of rough shapes, blotches, or patches in dark colors, and may be very prominent, or very reduced. There is an albino version of Cranwell's Horned Frog, which has orange and yellow coloration, though most have a base dorsal coloring of brown, light green, yellow, red, or orange, or a combination of these colors. Males can be distinguished by the presence vocal sacs and nuptial pads on their hands.

Cranwell's Horned Frog is frequently called the Argentine Horned Frog or the Pac Man Frog, although many times these names are used for other species of Horned Frog, as well. Cranwell's Horned Frogs are native to tropical, humid forests. Because of their remarkable coloration and the variety of patterns and colors they are available in, they have become quite popular as pets.

Specific Care Information: Relative Care Ease: Average

Cranwell's Horned Frogs should be kept in a temperature range between about 80 and 85 degrees Fahrenheit. The nighttime temperature can range between 70 and 75 degrees Fahrenheit. Since they are carnivorous, Cranwell's Horned Frogs can eat a variety of insects and feeder fish and will also take baby mice and rats. Because they are voracious eaters and may eat smaller frogs, they should be kept alone. Generally, juveniles should be fed once about every two days and, and as they mature, the feedings can be reduced. Adult Cranwell's Horned Frogs are often fed once every one to two weeks on a meal that is about half the size of their body, although it is better to feed them smaller meals about two or three times each week. The terrarium in which a Cranwell's Horned Frog is housed should have plenty of hiding places and should have a floor area that is between six and eight times the size that the frog will be when it is mature. Usually, peat moss makes a good substrate. Cranwell's Horned Frogs may be at particular risk for ingesting their substrates because of the manner in which they feed, so you should be careful. Fresh water must also be provided at all times and the terrarium should be misted each day. Generally, a shallow pond or a large, sloping water bowl may work nicely to provide water. Having an absorbent substrate, like peat moss, can help to maintain humidity, and a screen top should be used to provide ventilation. Another humidity providing terrarium set up can include large, flat rocks on top of a few centimeters of water in the bottom of the tank, with or without peat moss on top.

Breeding and Propagation: Relative Breeding Ease: Relatively Difficult

About four weeks prior to breeding Cranwell's Horned Frogs, you should slightly increase their temperature and begin feeding them once every four or five days. If a pond is not already provided in the tank, you should move the breeding pair into a terrarium with a pond or construct one inside their terrarium. It should "rain" in the enclosure for about six hours each night, and after about the second day, males will begin to call, if they are ready to breed. Generally, calling occurs for several nights, and the males will mount females several times before actual amplexus takes place. Before spawning, the female Cranwell's Horned Frog usually appears to go through very apparent muscular contractions. Usually sometime during the night, she will produce about 2,000 eggs. These eggs are black and white and small, and once they have been laid, you should stop the rain periods and begin to filter the water in which the eggs were laid. They will usually hatch within one or two days, and will usually need about 24 hours in which to rest. After this, they should be moved into a larger enclosure and should be well fed on bloodworms or tubifex worms to prevent them from eating each other. Generally, the water should be filtered and aged for about 24 hours. Between one half and one fourth of it will probably need to be replaced each day. In three to four weeks, Cranwell's Horned Frog tadpoles will usually be about three and a half inches long. They will begin to develop limbs at this point and should be provided with a land area on which they can emerge to complete metamorphosis.

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Friday, 16 May 2008